Books Are Humanity in Print Essay - 1364 Words

British Lit Final Exam May 26, 2010 Books Are Humanity in Print, The human race is known for change; it has evolved from prehistoric ‘cavemen’, ancient empires, and Vikings to aristocratic monarchies, democracies, and dictatorships. With each passing year, there are technological advancements, changing political platforms, and a progressively mobile worldwide population. Each literary era reflects the human feats, lifestyles, and changing times: Anglo-Saxon epics consist of glory battle scenes, bloodied warriors, and feuding countries; Middle English works consist of glorified knights, the chivalric code, and a greedy, materialistic court; and, modern literary classics depict worlds of which the human race is ruled by technology.†¦show more content†¦While most of the poem depicts pagan customs, such as wergild,, there are three specific ways that Christianity is seen: the title character, Beowulf, is depicted as good while Grendel, who descended from Cain, is depicted at evil; there are conflicting ideas of fate and free wil l; and the lord is seen as an almightily, singular being. Following the Norman Conquests, the French influence drastically changed the British Isles: the language of the aristocracy became French; feudalism, a social and economic hierarchy, became the caste system of choice; and, chivalry was abounded. However, The French influence quickly declined following the Crusades, the struggle between church and state, the Magna Carta, the Hundred Years War, the Bubonic Plague, and the rise of cities. The anonymously authored, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, reflects the shifting social order. A satire of a culture in moral decline, the poem is filled with elaborate descriptions of courtly festivities, the accouterments of knighthood, and the inane codes of chivalry. The knights of both the era and the poem are dressed to the nines: fancy belts, gold plated shields, and various other garments unnecessary for warfare. The knights pledged their loyalty to their kings, their honor to women, an d their defense to the Christian faith. In the poem, ChristmasShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Study of Anthropology and the Humanities1361 Words   |  6 Pages The humanities are a broad multidisciplinary field of study where its disciplines aren’t in just one department. 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Above all, Habakkuk could not comprehend why â€Å"the evil circumvented the just†2; he thought that the impiety of the world did not correlate with a supposedly just God.3 Throughout his narrative, this biblical prophet cameRead MoreThe Learning Potential Of E Books1450 Words   |  6 PagesDo They Really Think Differently?† (2001) the author clearly argues a need to adapt to students modern learning styles. In Lotta Larson’s â€Å"The Learning Potential of e-Books† (2015) Larson also argues the clear benefits of eLearning for today’s students. Finally, is Naomi S. Baron’s â€Å"How E-Reading Threatens Learning is the Humanities† (2014) a different approach is noted as eLearning could be argued as distracting to a student’s learning process. 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Flag Desecration Amendment - 1317 Words

Central Texas College| Political Review One| Flag Desecration Amendment| Dr. Karen Waugh| Jamorion Stanford| 9/17/2012| Flag Desecration The American flag is one of the most recognizable symbols this country has today. As children, we learn in school to cross our heart with our right hand and recite the pledge of allegiance to the United States of America, while facing the flag, a beloved symbol. As a soldier in the United States Army, I proudly wear a flag as a part of my Army Combat Uniform (ACU). It is worn by soldiers like me to show the love of country, honor and commitment to this great nation. It is cherished by veterans who have fought for this country, and families of the fallen soldiers cherish it because it is†¦show more content†¦Opponents of the Flag Desecration Amendment, propose reasons that make sense in not passing such an amendment and in doing so would lead to an ultimate betrayal of the freedoms granted to us by the First Amendment. In passing the Flag Desecration Amendment, it would mean that if a person wanted to express political freedom of speech by desecrating the f lag they could not. A proposed Amendment would undermine the First Amendment. As Americans we are granted many freedoms and the freedom of speech is a major one, so if congress were to say that a person could not express themselves and to have it in writing then what else would change. Opponents also make a point that flag burning is rare. They say that is doesn’t happen every year, but when it has that it was to express political speech as the Supreme Court held in 1989. Opponents also say that once freedoms such as this be taken away then what’s to say what else congress will regulate and subject to violations. Anna Ross, form the â€Å"How a Member Decides to Vote† module mentions, that while it might make us mad to see our flag being desecrated, it is not good enough reason to weaken one of the most important principals of democracy. 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These viewpoints includes those of people like William Cramer and Tony Lorenza that say by disrespecting the flag that it dishonors the thousands of menRead MoreSpeech Free Speech On The Freedom Of Speech1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe First Amendment says: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or pro hibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people to peaceably assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. This freedom of speech clause as included in the First Amendment guarantees the citizens of America to express information and ideas freely. But is all form of speech free? On the most basic level, this clauseRead MoreBurning The United States Flag1014 Words   |  5 PagesBurning the United States Flag Through the years of America, there have been multiple accounts of flag desecration. Flag desecration is a term that is used to describe a various set of acts that intentionally destroy, damage, or mutilate a flag in public, and in this case, the American flag. Citizen’s typically doing this treasonous act when they want to make a political point against their country or policies in the country or another country. Some of these actions include: burning it, urinatingRead More The Flag-burning Debate Continues Essay examples1186 Words   |  5 PagesThe Flag-burning Debate Continues      Ã‚   Nazis captured Jim Rogers. He was routinely beaten and given barely enough food to survive. During the time he spent in a World War II prisoner of war camp, he managed to keep his sanity by scraping together bits and pieces of colored cloth in order to make an American flag. As his fellow prisoners began to die, it was his American flag which provided him with a sense of identity and gave him the inspiration to keep living.    It is no wonder, thenRead MoreThe Liberty Bell, Washington Monument, The Bald Eagle918 Words   |  4 Pagesharming a Bald Eagle, or burning the Constitution are considered felony offenses, however desecrating the American Flag is protected under the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Standing on, defacing, and burning of the flag by U.S. citizens only creates public unrest and should not be allowed. The Constitution, now comprised of 27 amendments, started out with 10. The First Amendment of the Constitution states â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibitingRead MoreEssay on Case Analysis Texas V. Johnson1292 Words   |  6 Pages1989 --- Decided: June 21, 1989 This case analysis of Texas v. Gregory Lee Johnson was a Supreme Court case that overthrew bans on damaging the American flag in 48 of the 50 states. Gregory Lee Johnson participated in a political demonstration during the 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas, Texas, where he burned the American flag. Consequently, Johnson was charged with violating the Texas law that bans vandalizing valued objects. However, Johnson appealed his conviction, and his caseRead MoreFlag Burning - a Persuasive Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesFreedom of Speech: Flag Burning Flag burning has been one of the most controversial forms of nonviolent protests. It is often linked with the Middle East and Hezbollah with depictions of Arabs against President Bush burning the American flag. Americans are intimidated and threatened by this action, but that does not make it illegal. Supreme Court rulings have upheld that peaceful flag desecration is a form of political speech that should be protected by our Constitution (Flag Burning Myths). 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The freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, and most importantly the right to petition our government; all of which fall under the First Amendment in the Bill of RightsRead More Flag Desecration Should Be Outlawed Essay1882 Words   |  8 Pages Flag Desecration Should Be Outlawed nbsp; On August 22, 1984, Texas resident Gregory Lee Johnson was arrested for burning an American flag during a protest of the Republican National Convention.nbsp; Johnson had violated a Texas flag desecration law officially known as the Texas Venerated Objects law, which outlawed intentionally or knowingly desecrating a national flag (Goldstein 197).nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; Johnson took his case

Woman in Black and Blue Remebered Hills Essay Example For Students

Woman in Black and Blue Remebered Hills Essay We performed play called Blue Remembered Hills. We also went to watch a play called The Woman in Black. The Woman in Black was based on the book by Susan Hill, directed by Robin Herford and adapted for stage by Stephen Mallatratt. It was set somewhere between 1900 and 1929, although Arthur Kipps first encounter with the woman in black would have been about fifty years previous to this. At first, our protagonist Arthur Kipps, a solicitor, is in London but he quickly gets sent up to a small market town, on the East Coast with work. Blue Remembered Hills is a play about a group of seven children, and concentrates on their relationships and attempts to gain power within the group. One difference between the two plays that we studied is the location of the plays; Blue Remembered Hills was set in the West Country. Another Difference is that they were set at different times within the past: Blue remembered Hills was set a few years after The Woman in Black, during the Second World War in 1943. A theme which is common to both plays is naivety. In The Woman in Black, Arthur Kipps naivety leads to him not believing the villagers stories and therefore continuing to go to Eel Marsh House where he meets the ghost of the woman in black. In Blue Remembered Hills, the children are obviously naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve owing to their age and inexperience of life. Although they mimic their parents and try to seem grown up, this faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade in fact reveals their innocence. They are gullible (Peter believes Willies story about dirty apples in the first scene) and foolish, as they fail to see that Donald is burning to death. Both plays show this innocence being corrupted by their devastating endings. Another shared theme is that the characters try their best to leave the traumatic experiences they suffer in the past. In The Woman in Black, Arthur Kipps makes a desperate attempt to at last tell his terrifying tale, in hope that this will allow him to lay the past to rest. For our production of Blue Remembered Hills, we created an epilogue, which showed the children continuing with their lives, with no melancholy or reminiscence for the death of Donald. We walked on to the song True Colours and then frozen in a tableau that showed the children were happy and had returned to their normal lives (for example I, playing Willie, pretended to be an aeroplane). They have forgotten about him and their terrible deeds that led to the fire that resulted in his death. In both plays the characters engage in role-reversal. In our production this was through the children dramatic play in the barn, where Angela, Audrey and Donald played mummies and daddies. In The Woman in Black this is shown through the ghost of the woman in black childishly taking her anger and hurt at her sons death out on others, by killing the children of those who have encounters with her. In The Woman in Black, the production cleverly builds up suspense creating a very frequent, tense atmosphere; as this was fitting for the genre. Although this is also true for our production of Blue Remembered Hills, in our physical theatre scenes and some uses of music, it is far less evident. The characters in The Woman in Black are almost all adults, whereas in Blue Remembered Hills they are children, although through play-acting, they try to mimic and copy the adults in their lives. A major difference between the two plays was that The Woman in Black was set inside a theatre to a play within a play (although other locations like London and the East Coast were referred to) and had two time zones. Blue Remembered Hills was chronological with just one time zone. .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb , .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb .postImageUrl , .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb , .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb:hover , .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb:visited , .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb:active { border:0!important; } .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb:active , .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u73f77bcc5cdf98d0bf603222f55af6bb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Novels, are they parallels of the authors lives'? EssayBoth plays use dim lighting to create a tense atmosphere; this is true for Mrs Drablows funeral in the Woman in Black and the scene where the children kill the squirrel in Blue Remembered Hills. In this scene red strobe lighting was employed.  In both plays there were scenes expressing juxtaposition between a light-hearted setting and disturbing deeds, which showed the brutality of the characters. For example, in Blue Remembered Hills, the children kill the squirrel in broad daylight, and in The Woman in Black, the ghost of the woman in black kills Arthur Kipps son and injures his wife whilst the happy and jovial funfair music blared in the background. The greatest use of juxtaposition in our performance is towards the end, when Donald screams for help, beating on the door of the barn, desperate to escape from the fire and knowing death is imminent, the other children are laughing at his screams and joking about the itie, unaware of the extent of the fire. To express this we divided the stage to simultaneously express this. In The Woman in Black, minimal props were used. For example, a wicker basket was used to represent a horse and trap, a bed, a seat on a train and an office desk. In our production, which was more naturalistic, we did not employ multiple uses for our props and tried to make our stage look like a wood; the stage was covered in twigs and leaves and there was a hay bale on stage right, to represent the interior of the barn.  Blue Remembered Hills is a realistic play; all the events in our play could have actually taken place. The Woman in Black, however, is obviously idealistic as it is written about the supernatural: the ghost and hauntings of the woman in black. Therefore the events within The Woman in Black are unrealistic. Throughout our performance of Blue Remembered Hills, there is a continuous theme running through the play. Underneath the innocence and naivety of the childrens fun and games, is a sinister undertone, which is mainly exposed at the end of the play, with the death of Donald. The Woman in Black definitely has a very sinister tone as the aim of the play is to scare and frighten, and various deaths occur within the plot. Nevertheless , although both plays do have a sinister tone, The Woman in Black is by far the more haunting of the two; as the style is a traditional ghost story, the aim of the production is to frighten its audience. Although Blue Remembered Hills does have the sinister undertone of childs play, it is far less obviously chilling than The Woman in Black, and is only really expressed at the end of the production. Our production was overall more poignant than it was haunting, as the death of Donald was caused by his friends, who did not mean their actions to be malicious.

Lab Report on Respiratory Physiology Essay Example

Lab Report on Respiratory Physiology Paper Timer (with a second hand) Glass Urinary and Salivary pH (litmus) paper Drinking straw Procedures: 1. Measure 2 ounces of water in a glass. Obtain the pH of the water in the glass. Record the water pH prior to experiment. Have the subject blow air through the straw into the water and keep blowing into the water for 2 minutes inhaling between exhalations. The subject should be breath as normal as possible while doing this activity. Measure and record the pH of the water in the glass. 3. Empty the water from the glass and refill it with fresh water. Have the subject do vigorous exercise for 5 minutes. 4. Immediately after exercise have the subject blow into the water for 2 minutes (inhaling between exhalations). Measure and record the pH of the water in the glass. 5. Empty the water from the glass and refill it with fresh water. Have the subject rest for 5 minutes. 6. Have the subject blow in the water for 2 minutes (inhaling between exhalations). Measure and record the pH of the water in the glass. Analysis and Data: 1. The pH of the water measured is close to a 7 on the pH scale. 2. After the subject blew air into the straw, the pH of the water was about 5 on the pH scale at first, but then turned neutral again. The subject did vigorous exercise for 5 minutes. 4. The pH of the water after the subject was exercising was about 6-7. 5. After refilling a new glass of water, the pH of the fresh water was about 6. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on Respiratory Physiology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on Respiratory Physiology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on Respiratory Physiology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Charlemagnes Appreciation of essays

Charlemagnes Appreciation of essays Charlemagnes Appreciation of Learning 1. Why was Charlemagne so anxious to raise the educational standards of both the clergy and laity of his empire? 2. Why has Charlemagne been regarded as one of the greatest kings of the Early Middle Ages? Charlemagne or also called Charles the Great king of the Franks was a strong leader who unified Western Europe through military power and the blessing of the Church. His belief in the need for education among the Frankish people brings about religious, political and educational reforms that would change the history of Europe. Charlemagne was so anxious to raise the educational standards of both the clergy and laity of his empire because he felt that it was his religious duty so they can understand and could teach the faith to others. It was necessary for the church to play a role in the education of the people because only the clergy were educated. Christian teaching imparts a new sort of knowledge and lay down a new principle of action. He also wanted to raise the educational standards to build up the Western Empire. He believes that the church should be reformed and be reorganized under to help him rise to power. Charlemagne desire to spread the Christian religion was to have the people live according to the word of God. The church played a role in the growth of the kingdom; it gave it a sense of strength. Charlemagne recognized the importance of education not only of spreading it throughout his kingdom, but also of learning for himself the ability to read and write Latin and Greek. His desire for pe rsonal knowledge, and to educate the people read him to found the church as his home. Charlemagne stressed the importance of education for everyone. Charlemagne was regarded as one of the greatest kings of the Early Middle Ages, because he united the Christian lands of Western Europe and firmly established the power of the church. His motivation to practice religious and t ...

Should I Go to One of the Big 10 Schools

Should I Go to One of the Big 10 Schools SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The Big Ten is one of the most prestigious intercollegiate athletic conferences in the country. It has 14 member schools, most of which are located in the Midwest. While they’re all unique, Big 10schools have many commonalities and are known for emphasizing both athletics and academics. In this article, I’ll do the following: Give you the names of all of the Big Ten universitiesand provide information about each school Describe the attributes of Big Ten colleges Detail possible advantages and disadvantages of attending a Big Ten school Explain how to decide if you should attend one of the Big Ten schools What Is the Big 10? The Big 10 is one of the premier intercollegiate athletic conferences in the country.All of its member institutions are NCAA Division I schools with FBS programs.The Big Ten sponsors 28 official sports, 14 for men and 14 for women.Big Ten schools compete in a total of 42 sports, and they have combined to win more than 450 team and 1800 individual national championships. Confusingly, even though there were 10 schools in the Big Tenfor much of its history, now there are 14 schools that are part of the Big 10. TheBig Ten includes the following colleges: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Indiana University Bloomington University of Iowa University of Minnesota Twin Cities University of Michigan Michigan State University University of Maryland, College Park, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Northwestern University The Ohio State University Penn State University Purdue University Rutgers University University of Wisconsin-Madison Northwestern is the only private college in the Big 10. The other schools are large publicuniversities.Maryland and Rutgers are the most recent additions to the Big Ten. They’re also the only east coast schools in the Big Ten. Rutgers is in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The rest of the Big Ten schools are in the Midwest. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. What Makes Big 10Colleges Unique? Big Ten schools offer big-time athletics at well-regarded academic institutions.Most of the Big Ten schools are in spirited college towns. The surrounding population proudly supports the school. The students, alumni, and residents of the area are generally big fans of the athletic teams and are eager to show their school pride. With the exception of Northwestern, these are among the largest schools in their respective states and some of the biggest schools in the country. Comparing Big Ten Schools I created a table with the undergraduate enrollments, average standardized test scores, and the acceptance rates of the Big Ten universities.Penn State has the largest undergraduate enrollment at almost 46,000. Northwestern has the smallest at 8,278. Also,Northwestern is the most selective school with an acceptance rate of only 15%. The schools are listed in order of their acceptance rates. School Location Undergraduate Enrollment Average SAT Score Average ACT Score Acceptance Rate Northwestern University Evanston, IL 8,278 1490 33 9% University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 28,921 1415 31 29% University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 35,433 1360 29 50% University of Maryland College Park, MD 29,868 1380 30 44% University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 32,196 1390 30 49% The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 45,946 1350 30 54% Penn State University University Park, PA 40,835 1250 28 51% Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 35,641 1300 28 57% Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 31,006 1290 29 57% University of Illinois Champaign, IL 33,955 1380 30 62% Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 38,996 1220 26 72% University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE 20,954 1230 25 64% Indiana University Bloomington, IN 33,429 1250 28 76% University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 24,503 1240 26 86% Possible Advantages and Disadvantages of Attending a Big Ten School Even though most of the Big Ten schools are large public universities in the Midwest, it’s difficult to generalize all Big Ten schools. For example, the environments at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Rutgers are quite different. Lincoln, Nebraska and New Brunswick, New Jersey are in different regions of the country. The demographics of their student bodies are strikingly different. Rutgers is 43% white while UNL is 78% white. Furthermore, 83% of Rutgers students come from New Jersey while 77% of UNL students come from Nebraska. At UNL, there are nine majors related to agriculture. At Rutgers, there is only one. The strengths, weaknesses, majors offered, locations, acceptance rates, and student bodies vary for each Big Ten school.However, you can make some generalizations about the pros and cons of attending a Big Ten school. Pros of Big Ten Schools Here are some of the biggest advantages of attending a Big Ten institution. School Spirit Big Ten schools offer very spirited environments. Most students who attend a Big Ten school seem to love their college. You can’t walk around campus or go to an off-campus bar or restaurant without seeing the college colors everywhere. During my multiple visits tothe University of Illinois, I saw thousands of students wearing orange and blue and many shops selling University of Illinois apparel and souvenirs. When I was in college competing for the gymnastics team at Stanford, we went to the University of Nebraska for NCAA Championships during my freshman year. I remember being at an off-campus Subway and seeing posters for the women’s volleyball and gymnastics teams at Nebraska on the wall.Sadly, I never saw a Stanford men’s gymnastics team poster in Palo Alto while I was at Stanford. Big-Time Football The Big Ten is one of the top football conferences in America.College football is ridiculously popular, and the Big Ten is one of the most prestigious football conferences in the country. On game days at UNL, the number of people inside of the football stadium would make it the third largest city in Nebraska.Four of the football stadiums in the Big Ten are among the 17 largest football stadiums in the country. A few years ago, I went to a college football game at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for its homecoming game. Wisconsin wasn’t playing a particularly good team, but the stadium was completely full, and people came from all over the state and country to attend and support the Badgers. There was more enthusiasm and energy there than at the handful of NFL games I've attended. Big-Time Academics Big Ten Schools are well-regarded academically.Northwestern is ranked as the #12 National University by US News.The other Big Ten schools are considered to be some of the best public universities in the country.US News ranks the University of Michigan as the #4 public university (#27 National University), University of Illinois and the University of Wisconsin are ranked in the top 15, and many others are ranked highly as well. They Offer the Benefits of Large Universities Outside of Northwestern, Big Ten schools are all large public universities, so they offer all of the advantages of attending a large state school.They offer a wider variety of degrees and programs than smaller colleges.At Penn State, there are more than 160 different possible majors. For comparison, at Amherst College, one of the best liberal arts colleges in the country, there are only 38 different majors. At the University of Iowa, there are unique, specialized majors like actuarial science, rhetoric and composition, athletic training, and music therapy.At the University of Minnesota, you can major in construction management or apparel and textiles. Also, there are a wide variety of extracurricular activities.Because of the quantity of students at these schools, there are tons of student organizations, clubs, and fraternities and sororities.At the University of Maryland, there are 72 Greek organizations and 61 cultural organizations, including the Argentine Tango Club, the NAACP, the Pride Alliance, and the Vietnamese Student Association. At Johns Hopkins, a private college in Maryland, there are only 23 Greek organizations. Because public colleges are subsidized by state governments, the cost of attendance for in-state residents is lower.The tuition and mandatory fees for a Michigan resident at Michigan State University are $14,552, and they're $39,827 for an out-of-state student. At Northwestern, the lone private college in the Big Ten, tuition and fees are $56,232 annually. However, Northwestern does meet 100% of demonstrated financial need and provides generousfinancial aid packages. Tracy O/Flickr Cons While there are many advantages of attending a Big Ten school, there are some potential disadvantages. Not Geographically Diverse Because Big Ten schools are all state schools (with the exception of Northwestern), the majority of students are in-state residents. At private colleges, you can usually meet a greater percentage of out-of-state and international students. At private colleges, the cost of attendance is the same for in-state and out-of-state students, and many private colleges emphasize geographic diversity in their admissions and recruiting. For example, atRutgers, 83% of students are from New Jersey. Meanwhile, at Princeton, a private Ivy League school also in New Jersey, only 19% of students are from New Jersey. Part of the education process in college is about learning from your peers, and you can gain a different perspective and a better understanding of others if you’re surrounded by more people from different states and countries. Large Class Sizes Due to the size of most of the Big Ten schools, students often have to take lecture classes with hundreds of students, especially in introductory courses.At Ohio State University, the student-faculty ratio is 19:1 and 22% of classes have 50 or more students. At Kenyon College, a liberal arts college in Ohio, the student-faculty ratio is 10:1 and only 0.7% of classes have 50 or more students.Many students learn better in smaller classes where there is more interaction, and students can more easily ask the professor questions. Not Located in Urban Areas Many Big Ten schools are in college towns that are somewhat removed from urban environments and all they have to offer.I remember driving to Penn State and there didn’t seem to be any sign of civilization for two hours in any direction. Similarly, when I got off the plane in Champaign, IL for my recruiting trip to the University of Illinois, I saw corn fields and realized I was very far from LA. While other big ten schools aren't as rural as Penn State or U of I, most are located in smaller cities. Some notable exceptions are the University of Minnesota, which is located in Minneapolis, Northwestern (which seems to be the exception to all Big Ten generalizations), which is close to Chicago, Rutgers, which is close to New York City, Ohio State University, which is in Columbus, and the University of Maryland, which is close to DC. For most other Big 10 schools you're within an hour or two of a decently-sized city, but if you're hoping for urban life right on your doorstep, you may be disappointed. The Weather All of the Big Ten schools are in areas with relatively harsh winters. While the weather shouldn’t be the most important factor for you in choosing a college, some students enjoy attending a college in a temperate climate with year-round sunshine and 70 degree temperatures in the winter.If you’re from Florida or California, you’ll probably have to get some actual winter clothing before attending a Big Ten school. How To Decide if You Should Attend a Big Ten School If you're trying to decide whether or not to attend a Big Ten school, go through the same process you should go through when deciding which colleges to apply to and which one to attend.Decide the factors that are important to you in a college. Think about the location, selectivity, size, and the majors offered at the school, and determine how much each factor matters to you. Look at the school’s website, and use guidebooks, college finders, search websites, and ranking lists to help you in the college selection process. If possible, consult with teachers, parents, counselors, current students, and alumni.If finances are a big concern for you, wait until you receive your financial aid packages from the schools that accept you to determine what your out-of-pocket expenses will be for each school. Personally, I think that I would have really enjoyed attending a Big Ten school. When I was at Ohio State, Penn State, the University of Illinois, Nebraska, and the University of Wisconsin (those are the only Big Ten schools I’ve been able to visit), I was so impressed by and attracted to the spirited on-campus environments and the uniqueness of attending a school in a real college town. However, some students prefer the environment at a small college, or they don’t want to be at a school that places so much emphasis on athletics. If you're interested in colleges that are similar to Big Ten schools in offering big-time athletics and quality academics at a large public university in a college town, you may also be interested in the University of Texas-Austin, Texas AM, the University of Florida, or the University of California-Berkeley. If you would like to attend a private college that offers big-time athletics and quality academics, then Northwestern, USC, Stanford, Duke, and the University of Notre Dame may be good options for you. It’s important to find the school that best fits your personality and has the resources and environment that will best allow you to thrive and reach your academic and professional goals. What's Next? To help you figure out what you're looking for in a school, learn how to do college research. Also, read this article about whether you should go to a rural, urban, or suburban college. Finally, if you're looking for a diverse college, check out this post about the most diverse colleges in the country. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Segregation along gender lines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Segregation along gender lines - Essay Example Horizontally, women are disproportionately clustered into a narrow range of jobs that are regularly regarded to be ‘ghetto occupations’. Ghetto occupations have been classified as those which are female dominated and of low status, poor pay, with narrow job content, and that have few prospects of promotion. Introduction Occupational segregation is an obstacle used in the workplace to prevent women from realising their full potential in the market. It can also prevent employers from finding the most qualified personnel to fill job vacancies. Occupational segregation negatively affects the national as well as global economy. In Britain, many female workers are affected by vertical as well as horizontal segregation. This basically means that female workers tend to hold different jobs from the male workers which are of lower status and have lower pay packets. Female workers also tend to be directed towards industries that have a huge demand for workers who only work part tim e. Occupations which are usually peopled by female workers, and which tend to have low pay are often referred to as ‘pink-collar’ jobs or even ‘ghetto’ occupations. Causes of Segregation in the Workplace Limited Access to Career Options Gender stereotyping experienced by women during their formative years can affect their choice of occupation (Van Langen, Bosker and Dekkers, 2006). Gender stereotyping includes implicitly and explicitly expressed social attitudes within a person’s community. ... Even in developed nations like Britain, these attitudes are still present. When women are socialised to take on the ‘helping professions’ such as teaching, nursing, and secretarial work, it affects their decisions about the type of university courses they choose (Tracey and Nicholl, 2007). There are other institutional as well as structural barriers like biased marketing which discourage women from taking advantage of measures such as vocational training programmes for traditionally male jobs. Corporate culture and practice Other realities that compel women to choose to work in occupations that may not afford them large salaries or even a chance for promotion is because of the lack of the implementation of female-friendly practices in many corporate organisations. There are many organisations today that have instituted the acceptance of progressive employment agendas as one of their main objectives (Wynarczyk, 2007). However, this is not often implemented in the corporat e culture. Many women working in corporate organisations have to handle the reality of long hours which leave the worker with no time for his or her family, for example. The abilities of women are also not often viewed as strengths but as good personal skills. For example, the role of teaching young children has traditionally been occupied by women. Pre-school teachers play a very important role in society and are virtually responsible for teaching children all the social skills that are necessary to function in society. However, their importance is downplayed and their salaries are not at par with their services. This means that female workers face constraints in being

Encounter of the East and West Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Encounter of the East and West - Essay Example The three years spent by the French team in Egypt had great influence on the west and specifically Europe at that time. The invasion of the outsiders to Egypt has formed a benchmark onto which the east and west convened and exchanged different aspects. The western culture diversified because of the Egyptian influence. The Egyptian ancient society fade away with time as the encounter between east and west persisted over time. Ancient Egypt civilization as described by the napoleon team was rich in artefacts that triggered great interest to the west. These included the famous Egyptian pyramids, temples, and representations of pharaohs and gods. The sphinx of Giza is one of the statues that have amazed the world because of its age and meaning. The sphinx is a monument that bears the head of a human and the body of a lion. The great monument standing on the Egyptian desert is currently in ruins because of the persistent wind, sand of the desert and rainfall. The sphinx lies amidst Egypti an pyramids in Giza and the meaning that Egyptians have attached to the monument over time is perplexing. Time has redefined the meaning and representation repeatedly. The sphinx stands as a clear illustration of the dynasties existing in the previous civilizations before European intervention. Speculations from the old times indicate that the human face was in honour of one of the pharaohs. The sculpture probably dates back to the fourth dynasty and the face represented belonged to pharaoh Khafre. The monument dimensions are 238 feet in length and 65 feet in height. The origins of the bedrock making the sculpture re not very clear. The lion body depicts the royalty awarded to the dynasty by the people. Ancient Egypt was rich in style and this is the reason why the pyramids of the old times have persisted in world history. The ancient Egyptian civilization greatly influenced the succeeding new kingdom of the modern history. The great sphinx receives respect and honour from the peopl e. For some people, it represented the pharaoh who instructed its building. Others believe that the pharaoh Khafre’s father instructed its building (Bayly, 2004:75). The monument has both political and religious value for some people. While some regard the essence of the sphinx as an important aspect reflecting the fourth dynasty, others associate it with the Egyptian gods. ‘The dream stela’ in the middle of the paws of the sphinx that has inscriptions on it tells the story of prince Thutmosis who slept in the middle of the paws and had a dream in which the gods spoke to him. After this, some Egyptologists claim that the monument had transformed from a king icon to a god icon. The sphinx holds a lot of mystery concerning origin, purpose and disproportion of the monument. Question two Mehmet Ali is a name familiar in Egyptian history because he established a new Egypt after the French troop led by Napoleon left (Darwin, 2007:66). Egypt was an agricultural country during napoleon’s rule. Mehmet was formally a member of the ottoman army and was an Albanian. He moved to Egypt after the departure of napoleon and was ready to transform the empire. He moved to Egypt under the instruction of his uncle the governor. Having grown up in the uncle’s family, he had received responsibilities that presented him with an opportunity to develop great leadership and political skills. In 1801, his mission in Egypt was

Dynamic and flexible opportunities Essay Example for Free

Dynamic and flexible opportunities Essay Different institution or any organized group that composes members and hierarchy of position can establish welfare policy to maintain balance and harmony. Policymakers are faced with a challenging task to present variety of opportunities, orders and challenges basically for the benefits of those people under a group or institution. However what if those welfare policies create different impacts on the participants? Since an organize group composed of different kinds of members, one can not guarantee that everyone will agree with the given rules and policies. Opinion and principles from different kinds of people who have different cultural and social orientation may collide and thus create conflict. Some policies that are beneficial to others may be a disadvantage to some. Can the conflicting goals of welfare policy ever be reconciled to produce an effective welfare policy? Diversity of ideas and insights from different members can create a relationship within the group who will explore and examine the conflicting interests that is associated to the given welfare policies. The prevailing sense of community from this relationship can establish a sense of understanding from the ideas and goals of each. Since policy welfare is always equated with the well being within the members, relationships and human attachment will be beneficial to unity. This will encourage members to discuss and review the welfare policy that should aim to propose measures which will bring a fairer distribution of resources and opportunities. Attachment will definitely give them a moral responsibility. Variety of insights from different cultural and social orientation can challenged the minds of the policy makers to create more dynamic and flexible opportunities and policies that will suit all members. As a result, these flexible opportunities will help the members to enhance and explore their talents and capabilities outside their normal orientation. The innovated policy welfare because of conflicting goals may create subsequent developments to the individuality of the members and later on to the institution as a whole. Sometimes conflicting goals from the established welfare policy can be healthy and beneficial to the organized group. It encourages innovation to the welfare policy which as a result can motivate new discoveries to the possible policies that can help the members grow as a person and as professionals. Diversity of culture and principles can motivate learning and self discovery. In order to established effective welfare policy, one must discover their full potentials.

Essay on Food as a Control Mechanism in Handmaids Tale :: Handmaids Tale Essays

Food as a Control Mechanism in Handmaid's Tale      Food traditionally represents comfort, security, and family. We recall the traditional concept of comfort food and the large family dinners in Norman Rockwell's piece Freedom from Want. However, for many, food is also a serious, and potentially damaging, method of control. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are classic examples of psychological syndromes, related to control, that express themselves with eating disorders. Prisoners of war are denied food as the most basic method of torture and control. Like all humans, Offred, the main character of Margaret Atwood's Handmaid's Tale, finds that food is a central and important feature of life. Food has many meanings in the novel, nourishment, fertility, and luxury; however, this paper will focus on food as a control mechanism of Gilead's government. First, page 11 in the novel introduces tokens,à ® which are the method of payment for food in Gilead. Tokens do not have any writing on them at all, only basic pictures. Here it is important to recognize that handmaids, and all respectable women, in Gilead are not allowed to read. Gilead has biblical mandate for this rule, without doubt, yet the most significant aspect of the rule is its use as a control mechanism. Women are denied the power of knowledge, and hopefully, from the government's perspective, women will eventually lose all ability to gain any knowledge that is not fed to them. We see this same idea expressed on pages 25 and 27 when Offred described the storefronts. All the stores, but specifically the food markets, no longer have written names and signs. The names of these stores are all expressed using rudimentary pictures. As an example, a wooden sign with three eggs, a bee, and a cow indicates Milk and Honey. There is further significance of the tokens mentioned above. Because handmaids must use these tokens to purchase food, they have no choice or free will regarding food at this stage. The food they pick up at the store will be based purely on the tokens that have been given to them, they will hand these tokens to a man behind the counter, and he will hand her the food. It is very simple and extremely passive. The limitation of free will using tokens is expounded upon when Offred realizes that Milk and Honey has oranges, a rare luxury. Offred is longing for one of these fruits yet cannot have it because she doesn't have a token for it (25).

Cherns staffing Essay

The strategic staffing process is guided by a set of staffing goals (process and outcome goals) that are logically linked with the company’s business strategy, culture and values. CHERN has managed to create a competitive advantage by providing quality products and the best customer service in the industry. Superior quality customer service is the company’s business strategy and this is linked to a very aggressive growth strategy for the next 5 years. The table below helps to understand the implications that the business growth strategy has on the staffing process at the company. The positions highlighted on the table are the positions that CHERN has to focus on because they are the core drivers of the company’s performance and they make up more than 80% of the total workforce of the organization. Table 1. Staffing Forecast for 5 year growth. PositionsEmployees per store Employees needed to hire per year Employees needed to hire per month Employees hired at end of 5 years Store Manager1151.2575 Dept. Manager812010600 Assistant Dept. Manager812010600 Full time sales associates10015001257500 Part time sale associates2537531.251875 Because the strategic staffing process is a future-oriented process, it is valuable to identify both short term and long term goals that involve attracting, developing and retaining the right number of the best appropriate talent. Table 2 contains both short-term and long-term process goals and outcome goals for CHERN’s strategic staffing and provides a rationale of why this are important to help achieve the business strategy. Table 2. Staffing Goals Short-term Process GoalsImportance 1 .Hiring qualified applicants within the timeline goals of our growth  projection. The staffing process has to be able to meet the time goals for the hiring process as needed for the year growth strategy. 2. Attract a pool of applicants large enough to be able to select the amount of talent needed for the new stores. The staffing process has to be able to supply the necessary amount of talent needed for the year growth strategy. Short-term Outcome Goals 1.Staffing talent that fits with corporate culture. CHERN needs talent that fits with its culture and feel comfortable, reducing turnover and developing longer relationships with customers. 2. Hiring talent who will succeed at work. Hiring process will supply talent that will be able to do the job and achieve the goals. Long-term Process Goals 1.Better efficiency in attracting qualified applicants. Achieve more efficiency on hiring top talent to keep our competitive advantage and continue with the same level of superior customer service. To achieve this, some processes have to be measured, revised, and modified. 2.Keep competitive benefits to attract top talent. Long-term Outcome Goals 1.Enhancing the business strategy execution All efforts should be made towards enhancing the business strategy. 2.Hiring talent who will benefit from the other HR functions ( compensation, training, succession) It is important for the company to achieve its  corporate strategy, to hire talent that will benefit from training, is motivated by the company’s compensation plan and is interested on building a career. Business and Staffing Strategies An organizations Human Resource strategy and Talent Philosophy shapes its staffing strategy and has direct impact on the business Strategy. We will now analyse CHERN’s Talent Philosophy, Human Resource Strategy and Staffing Strategy to align them with the corporate business Strategy. Table 3 helps us identify how the Organizations Talen Philosophy help shape its HR Strategy and staffing strategy. Table 3. Talent Philosophy-HR strategy-Staffing Strategy. Talent PhilosophyHR StrategyStaffing Strategy What to retain talent, creating long term careers that will contribute to the firms objectives Recruit, select, develop and retain valuable talentRecruitment & Selection: Hires talent that has the right set of traits and attributes to perform in the organization. Develop: Offer training, career development and support to take advantage of talent and help them achieve results. Retaining: Retains valuable talent. View employees as investors and not costs or assets. Respect applicants and employees, as we believe the company benefits from them as the same way they benefit from the company, and they are vital for our success.Recruiting and selection: Hires employees that relate to the corporate culture and makes the process transparent and gives as much information as possible to avoid mismatching. Develop: Gives employees empowerment and training to make them feel more comfortable at work. Retaining: We understand the investment employees are doing in the company and therefore we offer competitive benefits and wages. Have high ethical standards and a strong corporate culture of respect Treat employees and applicants with respect and fairness.Recruiting and  Selection: Transparent and well informed process. Develop: Provides well timed and appropriate feedback and offers personalized training to help employees achieve goals. Retaining: Clear reward system and promotes based on merit. Talent Philosophy At CHERN’s our greatest strength lies on the talent, set of skills and empowerment of our people. We are committed on attracting, growing and retaining the most talented people in the retail industry by creating a fair and positive environment where they can feel cared and comfortable, and have the opportunity to develop personally and professionally. Human Resource Strategy The goal of CHERN’s human resource strategy is to align all its HR functions in order to ensure the availability of the right amount of superior customer service oriented talent who is supported by the an organization in order to achieve the company’s objectives. The goals of the HR strategy involve providing training, support and the tools needed for our talent to fully develop within the company in a fair environment. Staffing Strategy To describe CHERN’s staffing strategy, we will divide this analysis into the 9 elements of the Staffing Strategy, and briefly describe its implications. 1.Core Vs Flexible Workforce. CHER benefits from a core workforce as opposed to a flexible workforce, because as we highlighted before, employees are central to their success and vital to achieve competitive advantage. CHERN’s effort on retaining valuable staff will contribute to achieving long term goals. Even though the company still has some part-time staff, they still consider them part of their core workforce and offer them similar benefits and same fair conditions. 2.Hire Internally Vs Hire Externally. CHERN has to source its talent both externally and internally. The company should continue to develop current talent and work on succession planning,  as done until now. This sends the message that good performance is rewarded enhancing staff motivation. Also, it allows staff in new positions to get up to speed easily because they already know the company’s culture and the way things are done. This is a huge benefit for the company as by the time a new position of middle management opens up, they already have a large pool of internal candidates who they have already assessed and know their performance. However, the company will still have to source its sales associate positions externally to meet the growing strategy that it has projected for the next 5 years. Hiring externally also brings some advantages to the organization like enhancing diversity and injecting different and fresh perspectives that can be beneficial. 3.Hire for Vs Train and Develop for. During the Recruiting and selection process, CHERN should focus on traits, attributes and abilities and not so much on skills and knowledge. Skills can be trained and CHERN is providing training to this set of skills already. However, qualities and attributes are harder or nearly impossible to teach and are vital for the job requirements such as being tech savvy, loving fashion, being customer oriented and being adaptable. Hiring the right skills with the wrong attitude is a mistake. Personality traits are very important on sales positions, that is why CHERN should hire talent with the right attitude and abilities, who lack some skills and knowledge and can grow together. Although hiring experienced, knowledgeable sales staff might reduce training costs and can start generating sales quickly, it is very unlikely that CHERN will find the enough pool of applicants that contain both the knowledge and the attributes. Without the attributes it is very likely that recruit will not be succe ssful in a long term .Hence the importance of training. 4.Replace Vs Retain talent. CHERN strives to retain talent. It is becoming more difficult to recruit staff that meets CHERN’s standards, and competition on le market is increasing. That is why it is important for CHERN to recruit, develop and retain valuable talent. If not, the competitors will benefit from the resources invested on training. CHERN should continue offering a competitive  set of benefits and remuneration as a strategy. This in hand with an inclusive and supporting environment creates a desirable working environment. 5.What levels of what skills? As CHERN’s strengths relies on its sales workforce it is critical to find and recruit individuals with a specific set of attributes that can enhance our business strategy. Attributes such as Confidence, ability to multitask, English skills, numerical skills flexibility, and service orientation are essential. Other important skills and knowledge requirements such as Sales techniques, persuasion, time management and information ordering can be held at a basic level and it can be strengthened through training. 6.Proactive Vs Reactive staffing. CHERN must follow a proactive staffing strategy to prepare for the coming growth of the company. Pursuing a talent oriented strategy will allow the company to fill the future positions at the right moment without having to hire quickly someone that might not fit the criteria. Labour market is getting tighter and it is becoming more difficult to find good recruits, so targeting gaps in advance of the actual need will bring benefits to the staffing process. 7.What jobs to focus on? The Sales associate both part-time and full-time are positions on which the company invests most of its resources and attention. This are the key positions that create value to the company and are helping to develop that competitive advantage that is crucial for the firm. 8.Staffing as an investment Vs Staffing as a Cost. CHERN sees staffing as an investment. CHERN believes that the effort in resources (time and money) invested in recruiting, selecting, training and retaining talent will show positive results in the short and long-term, because staff will perform better reducing costs, increasing productivity, and reducing turnover. Although it does involve costs, it is an investment into the company’s future. 9.Centralized Staffing Vs Decentralized Staffing. CHERN benefits from a combined approach to the staffing process between centralized and decentralized, where some of the functions are allowed to be adjusted to meet single unit needs, but still monitored by a centralized organization that ensures unity and cohesion. The company has already identified that customers from different units change and Managers have already some level of autonomy in decision-making. This allows each unit t cater to their customers providing a better designed service. So decentralization of the staffing process brings benefits to the brand. However, all units should follow specific procedures to ensure consistency throughout their branches.

Litigation in Cloud 9 Energy Drink Essay

Pune Following the confirmation of the state public health laboratory about the energy drink ‘Cloud 9’ containing more than the permissible level of caffeine, the state Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Pune region, has now filed an application seeking judicial action against the manufacturers and distributors of the drink Pushpam Foods and Beverages and Goldwin Healthcare Private Limited. The manufacturer had made misleading statements on the label that suggested that the drink was recommended for medical purposes. â€Å"We have now filed an application seeking judicial action against the offenders,† said C D Salunkhe, Assistant Commissioner, state FDA, Pune office. A central notification, issued on June 19, 2009, says energy drinks should not contain more than 145 parts per million (ppm) of caffeine, while the earlier official cap was 200ppm. Many popular energy drink brands thus overshot the limit by nearly 100 ppm. â€Å"It was a clear violation of a 2008 amendment to the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act banning energy drinks with caffeine content more than 145 parts per million (ppm). We sent samples of the drink to the public health laboratory and they have confirmed that the level of caffeine was 228. 2 ppm,† says the laboratory report that gave its findings recently. Chetan Chopra, director of Pushpam Foods and Beverages said that the product was already in the market before the new rules came into effect on June 17, 2009. â€Å"How can the FDA apply the new rules about the change in the caffeine limit to the products which were already manufactured in December 2008? How can the new standards be applied on the old products,† he said. Vasudeo Kolte, quality control manager of Pushpam Foods and Beverages said, â€Å"Our product was manufactured in December 2008 and hence it was already in the market as per the then prescribed rules. We have followed all the regulations and will challenge the case in court. † It was in November 2009 that the state FDA, Pune region seized over two lakh cans of ‘Cloud 9’ energy drink from godowns in Pune and Mumbai. â€Å"The stock, worth Rs 77. 3 lakh, is still lying in the godowns and the FDA has filed an application with the chief judicial magistrate’s court to destroy it,† said M S Kembalkar, a food inspector who was part of the investigation. The report has also pointed out that there were misleading statements on the label, which contravenes Rule 37 and 39 of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act. The category of the proprietary food has to be clearly mentioned. The label suggests that the food is recommended for medical purposes. It says that it enhances physical endurance, stamina and strengthens immunity apart from fighting fatigue and enhancing alertness. However, the caffeine content has exceeded the permissible limits.

Free Essays on Disengagement Theory

Disengagement Theory Book Def: Elaine Cumming and William Henry introduced this theory to explain the impact of aging during one’s life course. My Def: Turning away from the social norms of everyday life to embrace old age, terminal illness, and possibly death. Activity Theory Book Def: This theory argues that elderly people who remain active and socially involved will be best adjusted. My Def: Elderly persons who stay socially and physically active in the mainstream of society will be better off than withdrawing from society. Defending The Better Of The Two Personally, I feel that the Activity Theory is the better of the two. This theory is better for elderly persons because it doesn’t put up a barrier between generations socially or in the workplace. I argue that this theory is the better of the two because it pushes for a more healthy society. I feel that the â€Å"withdraw† of elderly persons from a society is harmful for both the elderly persons themselves and society as a whole. An example of this would be: Elderly persons withdrawing from a society’s workforce to embrace old age causes them to find another means of income, forcing that income to come from the remaining society’s workforce. Many of the elderly whom withdraw from society have to find a means by which to pay for medical problems, forcing society’s workforce to pay more money into medicade, drawing more money away from society’s workforce. From the conflict perspective’s viewpoint, I agree that social interaction â€Å"must† change or decrease in old age. The upper class does not have to worry about the side effects of withdrawing from society due to more wealth, pension plans, retirement packages, and insurance benefits. Also from the conflict perspective I have to defend the disengagement theory due to new trends and new technologies in society as the years move on. This causes a social gap for the elderly and th... Free Essays on Disengagement Theory Free Essays on Disengagement Theory Disengagement Theory Book Def: Elaine Cumming and William Henry introduced this theory to explain the impact of aging during one’s life course. My Def: Turning away from the social norms of everyday life to embrace old age, terminal illness, and possibly death. Activity Theory Book Def: This theory argues that elderly people who remain active and socially involved will be best adjusted. My Def: Elderly persons who stay socially and physically active in the mainstream of society will be better off than withdrawing from society. Defending The Better Of The Two Personally, I feel that the Activity Theory is the better of the two. This theory is better for elderly persons because it doesn’t put up a barrier between generations socially or in the workplace. I argue that this theory is the better of the two because it pushes for a more healthy society. I feel that the â€Å"withdraw† of elderly persons from a society is harmful for both the elderly persons themselves and society as a whole. An example of this would be: Elderly persons withdrawing from a society’s workforce to embrace old age causes them to find another means of income, forcing that income to come from the remaining society’s workforce. Many of the elderly whom withdraw from society have to find a means by which to pay for medical problems, forcing society’s workforce to pay more money into medicade, drawing more money away from society’s workforce. From the conflict perspective’s viewpoint, I agree that social interaction â€Å"must† change or decrease in old age. The upper class does not have to worry about the side effects of withdrawing from society due to more wealth, pension plans, retirement packages, and insurance benefits. Also from the conflict perspective I have to defend the disengagement theory due to new trends and new technologies in society as the years move on. This causes a social gap for the elderly and th...

Top 10 Confused Words in English [A-B]

Top 10 Confused Words in English [A-B] Top 10 Confused Words in English [A-B] Top 10 Confused Words in English [A-B] By Maeve Maddox In compiling a list of the top ten confused words, it’s difficult to choose between simple misspellings and words whose meanings are mixed up in the mind of the writer. For example, the word altar (raised structure for sacrifice) is frequently misspelled as alter. The writer probably knows the difference between the noun altar and the verb alter, but hasn’t learned the fact that they are spelled differently. Likewise, the pair its/it’s usually tops lists of â€Å"confused words,† but it seems to me that writers who commit errors with this pair have problems with the correct use of the apostrophe in general. The words in the following list represent misunderstanding of the words’ meanings and not simply an inability to spell them correctly. Notice that this post covers words starting with the letters a and b. 1. affect / effect These two words have specialized meanings in psychology, but in ordinary speech and writing, affect is most often used as a verb meaning â€Å"to act on or to cause a change† and effect as a noun meaning â€Å"a change that is the result of some action†: How will the move to New Orleans affect the family? (verb) What is the effect of this move on the children? (noun) Note: Effect can also be used as a verb meaning â€Å"to cause† or â€Å"to bring about†: The new mayor has effected positive change in the police department. 2. advice / advise The error with this pair results from mispronunciation and failure to distinguish between a noun and a verb. The c in advice is pronounced with the sound of /s/. The s in advise is pronounced with he sound of /z/. Advice is a noun meaning â€Å"recommendation regarding a decision.† Advise is a verb meaning â€Å"to recommend†: She always gives me good advice. (noun) What do you advise me to do? (verb) 3. aisle / isle Both words are nouns. An aisle is a passageway between rows of seats, shelves, or other fixtures or obstacles that people need to move between. An isle is an island: You’ll find the children in the toy aisle. Robinson Crusoe was stranded on a desert isle. I want a modern kitchen with a work isle in the middle. 4. adverse / averse Both words are adjectives that imply a form of opposition. Something that acts against one’s interests or well-being is adverse. The word averse describes feelings of repugnance towards something: The jury delivered an adverse verdict against the defendant. Ferris Bueller was averse to attending school that morning. 5. amoral / immoral Morals and morality relate to considerations of right or wrong. For anyone who has internalized a code of moral behavior, acting against it is immoral. For example, Macbeth acknowledges that it is wrong for a host to kill his guest, but he and his wife do it anyway. Their murder of Duncan is immoral. When the sharks in Jaws kill people, their behavior is amoral. They don’t feel that it’s wrong to kill a human being. Here are two examples of current uses of amoral: Nature is  amoral. Nature is neither good nor bad. It just is. Mr. David Coleman once said that no one really cares about what a student thinks and feels. What is important is writing and reading information text. Thus, the Common Core is an amoral curriculum. 6. appraise / apprise Appraise means â€Å"to set a value on something.† Apprise means â€Å"to inform†: A new Audemars-Piquet limited-edition womens pocket watch with Swiss movement  appraised at  $13,500. As stated in  Marby, only when it develops that the defendant was not fairly apprised of its consequences can his plea be challenged under the Due Process Clause.    7. aural / oral The adjective aural relates to the ear or to hearing. The adjective oral relates to the mouth or speaking. The study investigates  listening  and aural  experience in a New York City community devoted to avant-garde jazz. A good  oral presentation  is well structured; this makes it easier for the listener to follow. After the accident, Jones required extensive oral surgery. 8. bring / take Both of these verbs have multiple meanings, but as a pair, they form opposites in the context of conveying something from one place to another. Bring is â€Å"to carry along from one place to another.† The word implies motion towards the place where the speaker or auditor is. Take also means â€Å"to carry something to another place,† but the movement is away from a place. The Chicago Manual of Style explains the difference this way: The simple question is, where is the action directed? If it’s toward you, use bring (e. g., bring home the bacon). If it’s away from you, use take (e.g., take out the trash). You take (not bring) your car to the mechanic. 9. bated / baited The error with these words occurs in the idiom â€Å"with bated breath.† The error is to write baited for bated. In the context of the idiom, bated means â€Å"in great suspense.† In another context, baited means â€Å"with bait attached,† as in â€Å"The hook is baited with a worm.† 10. broach / brooch Both words are pronounced the same. Broach is a verb meaning â€Å"to open up.† Literally, one might broach a cask of wine. Figuratively, one might broach a subject in conversation: I sat and waited in the awkward silence, trying to decide if I wanted to  broach the  subject of  his  hesitation  in Belgrave Square. Brooch is a noun. Originally, a brooch was used like a safety pin to fasten clothing together. Those who could afford it wore decorative brooches fashioned of precious metals set with precious stones. No longer essential to secure clothing, a brooch is usually just an ornament pinned to something: Create a choker necklace using a narrow scarf and  flashy brooch. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know"Owing to" vs "Due to"7 Sound Techniques for Effective Writing

Front end of General Motors company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Front end of General Motors company - Case Study Example The tools used in the analysis include dominant economic features, driving force analysis, strategic group map, PESTLE and competitive analysis framework. The main issue under discussion is on product reliability based on the products and consumer perception. The company has issues with quality assurance and lack of quality control system. According to the consumer reports of 2009, there were numerous recalls of GM products due to reliability. Therefore, the paper comes up with three alternatives to curb the issue on reliability. The first alternative to curb the issue is coming up with an automated checking mechanism that will check any product’s defect. The alternative is important because it will ensure that no defects goes unchecked (General Motors, 1980). Some of the defects that the automation process will check includes faults with seat belts, brakes, and other important areas. On the other hand, the alternative though helpful is very expensive and requires a lot of structures and capital to put up. Another alternative to curb the issues on quality control is that the company need to set up certified auditors who will carry out random and frequent check up on the company’s product. The auditor need to come up with routine reports on the manufacturing process and the equipment used during the process. The advantage of this alternative is that the company will make sure that their quality control systems are up to date and efficient. One of the cons of this alternative is that there are tendencies that the company might ignore the reports and recommendations from the certified auditor. Citing claims that the recommendations are expensive to implement (General Motors, 1981). The third alternative to curb the issue is recalling all the vehicles that have default issues. Recalling the vehicle will ensure that the company beefs up quality control issues. Recalling the vehicle will give the

A Study of Human Behaviour in Fire Evacuation with an Emphasis on the Essay

A Study of Human Behaviour in Fire Evacuation with an Emphasis on the Elderly Population - Essay Example They are naturally weaker and more vulnerable than the younger individuals. Older people have vision and hearing predicaments and these handicaps have to be taken into account in selecting the best course of action in moving them out from the danger. For instance, elderly, particularly the females, cannot be advised leap even if the height of the fall is low because they have weaker and more brittle bones compared to the rest. (Cardinal, Florence. Vibrate Your Bones. March 1, 2007. Well Woman Blog. [internet].). They also have traits or attitudes peculiar to their age. Old folks want to stay alone and in paces which are slower than what the ordinary person prefers. The elderly folks always choose to be away from the crowd. In view of these constraints, there are crucial problems which have to be properly addressed in planning and implementing escape procedures during the flight from the dangers of fire. The decision on what scheme to opt for in leaving the danger zone has to include the condition and design of the building or structure that is ablaze or in flames. All these are geared toward a successful evacuation in general and for the elderly in particular. In a nutshell, the present paper is aimed at collating valuable information to come up with suggestions which are deemed best and most practicable in implementing flight procedures during incidents of fire for the safe, orderly and successful evacuation of the elderly. In coming up with this dissertation, considerable time, efforts and financial resources were invested. Additionally, there were individuals to whom the proponent of this dissertation is most grateful for their encouragement and precious help. To the professors, the writer of this thesis conveys sincerest thanks. To all the friends of the proponent in the school community, heartfelt appreciation is hereby expressed for making the stay in the campus and the surrounding environment a magnificent and

Financial Goals Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Goals - Assignment Example Therefore, for the next 5 years, I would like to save $50,000 to enable me expand my small electronics shop to a larger one with at least 2 branches. I would also like to pay for a down payment on a house in the next five years being that I would have graduated and would like to be on my own. The down payment of the house would be $20,000 which I’d like to save for and pay over five years. Over the next ten years however, I would expect that my kid shall have become old enough to begin going to school, therefore, I’m going to save $50,000 to enable my kid go to school. The list of my goals and how they’ll be achieved are in the table below; Financial Goal Time Frame Amount Monthly Cost Save for House down payment 5 years $20,000 $333.33 Save for Business expansion 5 years $50,000 $833.33 Save for Child’s Education 10 years $50,000 $416.67 Total monthly cost $1583.33 Cash Management Since I know very well that money must be well planned for, for one to achi eve her goals, I will apply proper cash management skills in order to be able to achieve my goals. For instance, my parents give me $5,000 monthly for personal use after paying for me all my bills and buying for me all I need. I sat down one time and realize that if this money is managed well, and I save just $1,000 0ut of it monthly, I’d be having $60,000 after 5 years. ... This function involves self denials of pleasure and leisure to make sure you put your money into proper use. In the next ten years, I’ll try to reduce on my daily spending on clothing items and shoes as well as snacks just to enable me to save some money to meet my financial goals. I’ll try to use a budget for every shopping and avoid impulse buying. My shopping list in that case will have a few of unnecessary and luxurious items. I’ll just go for the major items that will keep me going as long as I meet my financial goals. Credit and Debt Management During the next five years, once I get employed and be on a payroll, the first thing I’d like to do is to see my small electronic enterprise spread to most parts of the State. This would require much cash, I know. But I’ve a plan to obtain a $2 million credit from the bank to enable me expand the business first in every part of the State, then in the next ten years, take it to other States after getting enough capital. I’ll choose a bank that gives credit for businesses at an affordable rate. That will mean that I’ll have to shop around for the different interest rates that different banks charge for their business loans. I’ll be able to service my credit from the revenue I get from the business as well as with part of my salary. At the same time, for me to make bigger sales, I’ll have to supply my products to retailers at affordable prices for them also to make profits. I’ll be able to consider some retailers who can only manage to take the products on credit and pay later after they make some sales. In this case, I’ll make the bank be the one to collect my debts on my behalf from my debtors. This will be an efficient way of debt collection as it’ll enable me to transfer the risk

Growth and Lipid Production of L. Starkeyi Mutants

Growth and Lipid Production of L. Starkeyi Mutants CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Diesel is one of the components in fossil fuel. However, the over-use of diesel is producing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide gases which are the major elements leading to global warming. Hence, due to increase in demand and source limitation, biodiesel is introduced as a substitute for diesel fuel (Wild et al., 2010). Biodiesel is a diesel fuel substitute that is extracted from renewable biomass. Biodiesel can be produced from plant oils, animal fats and microorganisms. Traditionally, biodiesel is produced from plant oils which were transesterify with methanol (Dai et al., 2007). However, production of biodiesel from plant oils is not suitable due to the quality of tillable land (Li et al., 2008) and competition with food production (Wahlen et al., 2012). Furthermore, the increase in animal fats prices due to the increase in animal feed makes it not suitable as biodiesel feedstock (Li et al., 2008). Hence, oleaginous microorganisms have been introduced as good candidates for biodiesel feedstock. Oleaginous microorganisms can accumulate lipid up to 20% of its cell dry weight (Ageitos et al., 2011). Oleaginous microorganisms have the ability to utilize different carbon source (Ageitos et al., 2011). In this study, Lipomyces starkeyi will be used. This type of yeast has the ability to produce lipid up to 70 % of its cell dry weight (Wild et al., 2010). L. starkeyi can utilize different types of carbon as its sole carbon and it is flexible in terms of culture conditions (Ageitos et al.,2011). However, L. starkeyi is still not economically practical because of the limitations in the wild-type strains (Ageitos et al., 2011). Therefore, in our research, we will be using L. starkeyi mutants in an attempt to produce more lipid more lipid in the fungal cells. The L. starkeyi mutants will be cultured in modified media consists of glucose, (NH4) SO4, yeast extract, Na2HPO4.7H20, KH2PO4, MgSO4. 7H20, CaCl2. 2H20, FeSO4, ZnSO4.H20 and CuSO4 supplied with 2.5% (w/v) and 5.0% (w/v) of glucose and sago effluents in separated schott bottles. pH 5 and pH 6 will also be used in order to optimize the production of lipid. The temperature that will be used is room temperature ( ± 27 °C). In this experiment, sago effluent and glucose would serve as carbon source for L. starkeyi. The total carbohydrate that would be consumed by L. starkeyi will be tested using phenol-sulphuric test. Our objectives in this research are: To optimize growth and lipid production of L. starkeyi mutants To measure the amount of lipid produced by L. starkeyi mutants cultured in 2.5 % and 5 % of glucose medium To measure the amount of lipid produced by L. starkeyi mutants cultured in sago effluent CHAPTER 2:  LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Biodiesel Biodiesel consists of alkly ester of fatty acids or triglycerides. Conventionally, triglyceride is produced from soybeans oil with the addition of alcohol and acid or base catalyst. This process is known as transesterifications which will produce Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) (Wahlen et al., 2012). Basically, biodiesel can be derived from 3 sources which are plants oil, animal fat and microorganisms (Meng et al., 2008). Plant oils that involve in the production of biodiesel are rapeseed, palm oil, soybeans, cottonseed, sunflower and many possible crops (Perritano, 2010). However, the practical used of plant oils raises critical issues on the decreasing in quality of land that is needed to plant the crops could affect the quality of the crops produced (Li et al., 2008). In addition, it also competes with the food production (Wahlen et al., 2012). Animal fat is also not a good biodiesel feedstock due to economical reasons (Meng et al., 2008). Hence, oleaginous microorganisms stand out as a potential feedstock provider. 2.2 Oleaginous microorganisms Oleginous yeasts (OY) are known producers of single cell oil (SCO). SCO produced from this organism are triacylglycerides (TAG) that have long-chain of fatty acids and have similar properties with plant oils. TAG acts as source of energy and it assist in phospholipid membrane formation. OY also utilizes various its carbon sources from waste substrate thus the cost to culture this microorganism is low (El-Fadaly et al., 2009). There are four groups of oleaginous microorganisms that capable of producing biodiesel which are bacteria, algae, filamentous fungi and yeast (Kitcha and Cheirsilp, 2011). The genera of oleaginous yeast are Yarrowia, Candida, Rhodotorula, Rhodosporium, Crytococcus, Trichosporon and Lipomyces (Ageitos et al., 2011). The specific name for the most preferable candidates for production of lipid are Cryptococcus albidus, Rhodosporidium toruloides, Rhodotorula glutinis, Lipomyces starkeyi and Yarrowia lipolytica. These microorganisms are capable of producing intracellular lipid more than 20% of its cell dry weight (Tapia et al., 2012). The duplication rate of yeast is lower than 1 hour and it is easy to culture compared to other microalgae. Other than that, certain oily yeast also has the ability to produce lipid up to 80% of their dry weight, while utilizing different carbon source including the lipid present in media (Ageitos et al., 2011). 2.3 Factors affecting lipid accumulations in Oleginous yeast Lipid accumulations occur when yeast is cultured under high amount of carbon source but in limited source of nitrogen. This is due to the nutrient imbalance that helps in triggering the accumulation of lipid because the remaining substrate would be assimilated by the yeast’s cells hence convert it into fat for storage (Ageitos et al., 2011). The fat that accumulated could be extracted to produce biodiesel. In addition, the accumulations of lipid also affected by other factors such as the present of microelements and inorganic salts in media. These elements help in ATP (AdenosineTriPhosphate) citrate lyse which important in lipid production (Ageitos et al., 2011). 2.4 Lipomyces starkeyi L. starkeyi is one of the members of Saccharomycetales and considered as true inhabitant of soil which have a worldwide distribution (Ansschau et al., 2014). L. starkeyi have the ability to accumulate lipid up to 70% of its dry weight (Wild et al., 2010). It also has a high flexibility in utilization of carbon source and culture environment. Other than that, fatty acid produced by L. starkeyi is almost similar to the vegetable oil (Tapia et al., 2012). According to Wild et al. (2010), L. starkeyi need a high ratio of carbon to nitrogen in order to optimize the production of lipid. The lipid bodies (LB) of L. starkeyi will receive the excess carbon source in the form of triglycerides (TAGs) (Ageitos et al., 2011) 2.5 Sago effluent Sago effluent is a form of sago liquid waste. In normal processes, this effluent would be channeled into the river, thus polluting the river and environment (Awang-Adeni et al., 2010). The releasing of sago effluent into the river can cause decreasing in water pH and increase in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (Ayyasamy et al., 2008) Sago effluent contains a high amount of organic materials and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) (Awang-Adeni et al., 2010). NSP are made of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In cellulose, the sub-components are 89% glucose and small amount of xylose, rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, fructose and galactose. In contrast to cellulose, hemicellulose main components are glucose and xylose accompanied with arabinose, galactose, rhmnose, fucose and uranic acid. Lignin functions in rigidity and stability of the wood. To sum up, sago effluent contains up to 66% of starch, 14 % fiber and 25 % lignin (Awang-Adeni et al., 2010). Sago effluents which flow from the sago mill usually have the ratio of carbon to nitrogen high which is 105: 0.12 (Awang-Adeni et al., 2010). As stated by Ageitos et al. (2011), L. starkeyi have the ability to utilize starch as its sole carbon. Hence, sago effluent is an excellent choice because it has a high amount of starch which can helps in optimizing the lipid production. 2.6 Phenol-sulphuric test Phenol-sulphuric test is the quantitative assays which often used in estimation of carbohydrate. This test could detect the presence of neutral sugar in oligosaccharides, proteoglycan, glycoproteins and glycolipids (Albalasmeh et al., 2013). When phenol-sulphuric is added, the glucose that presence in samples would dehydrate thus forms hydroxymethyl furfurax. It would yield a yellow-brown product and the OD could be checked at 490 nm (Albalasmeh et al., 2013). CHAPTER 3:  MATERIALS AND METHOD 3.1 Materials Modified media as suggested by Wild et al. (2010). Lipomyces Starkeyi mutants (LS R1 and LS R2) 2.5 % (w/v) and 5.0 % (w/v) of glucose (Ee Syn, Malaysia) 2.5 % (w/v) and 5.0 % (w/v) of sago effluent (Pusa, Malaysia) 80 % (w/v) of Glycerol stock (HmbG, Germany) 5 % Phenol (Nacalai Tesque, Japan) Hexane (Reagents, USA) Isopropanol (Amresco, USA) Microcentrifuge (Hettich EBA 21, England) Schotts bottles (Duran, Germany) 3.2 Glycerol stock A single colony of L. starkeyi mutants R3 will be inoculated into 100 ml of modified media. 800 ÃŽ ¼l of L. starkeyi mutants R3 that have grown will be transferred into vial that contained 1200 ÃŽ ¼l of glycerol stock. The glycerol stock steps of L. starkeyi will be repeated for L. starkeyi mutants R4. The solution will be stored in freezer at -20  °C. 3.3 Propagation of cell 1.5 L of modified media with pH 5 will be prepared into two Liter schott bottles and L. starkeyi mutants R3 and R4 will be inoculated in respective bottles (Wild et al., 2010). This step will be repeated for pH 6. For day 1 until day 6, three (3) falcon tubes will be autoclave and weight. After that, 50 ml of the cultured from first bottle will be transferred into each three (3) falcon tubes and it will be weighted again. The sample will be sent for centrifuge for 5 minutes at 5000 rpm. The supernatant will be discarded and the pellet with falcon tube will be weight again for its wet weight. The sample will be dry in the oven for 1 or 2 days. After that, the sample will be weight again for its dry weight. All experiments will be performed in duplications. 3.4 Standard curve for L. starkeyi 1 ml of culture which will be incubated for 3 days earlier will be added into 9 ml of modified media in test tube. Serial dilution will take place with the factors of 10-1 until 10-7. For factors of 10-1 until 10-7, their OD will be checked for 600 nm. For factors 10-5 until 10-7, 300 ÃŽ ¼l from each sample will be taken and poured onto plate count agar. The plate will be incubated overnight before colony counting will be performed. 3.5 Lipid accumulation stage for L. starkeyi mutants The L. starkeyi mutants culture will be incubated for 3 days (optimum growth) at room temperature. After 3 days, 750 ml of 10.0% (w/v) of glucose will be added into 750 ml modified media to achieve final concentration of 5% (w/v) in the schott bottle and it will be incubated further for 6 days. From day 1 to day 6, 150 ml of cultured will be harvested into each three (3) falcon tubes. This step will be repeated for pH 5 with 5.0% (w/v) of glucose and pH 6 with 10.0% (w/v) and 5.0% (w/v) of sago effluent. 3.6 Sampling biomass The samples will be weighted in wet condition before dry in the oven. After that, the samples will be dried in the oven for 3 days. The dried mass will be taken and weighted again for dry weight. 3.7 Lipid extraction Hexane: propanol in the ratio of 3:2 will be added into the falcon tubes consists of the dry mass. The mixture will be homogenized for 2 minutes. The homogenized sample will be incubated for 1 hour before centrifuge for 5 minutes. The supernatant will be taken and placed in an empty beaker and weight. The supernatant will be heated until the hexane and propanol solution have evaporated completely. The remaining oil will be weighted again. This step will be repeated for 5.0% (w/v) of glucose, 2.5% (w/v) of sago effluent and 5.0% (w/v) of sago effluent. 3.8 Phenol-sulphuric carbohydrate test Phenol test is used to detect the amount of carbohydrate that is not consumed by L. starkeyi. For each sample, phenol-sulphuric carbohydrate test will be performed by adding 0.2 ml of 5% (w/v) of phenol and 1 ml of 96% (w/v) of sulphuric acid. After that, 1 ml from each mixture will be placed into a clean cuvette and read at 490 nm in a spectrophotometer. EXPECTED OUTCOME By the end of this experiment, we expect to measure the amount of lipid produced by Lipomyces starkeyi mutants in 2.5% (w/v) and 5.0% (w/v) concentration of glucose and sago effluent at different pH. WORK SCHEDULE Project Activities 2014 2015 Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March Apr May Data collection à ¢-  Proposal writing and presentation à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢-  Bench work and sample processing à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢-  Progress report à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢-  Data analysis à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢-  Data validation: Statistical analysis à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢-  Report writing and presentation à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢-  Legends à ¢- º: In progress à ¢-  : End of progress REFERENCES Ageitos, J.M., Vallejo, J.A., Veiga-Crespo, P., Villa, T.G. (2011). Oily yeast as oleaginouscell factories. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnoogy, 90(12), 1219-1227. Albalasmeh, A.A., Berhe, A.A., Ghezzehei, T.A. (2013). Method for rapid determination of carbohydrate and total carbon concentrations using UV spectrophotometetry. Carbohydrate Polymers, 97(2), 253-261. Anschau, A., Xavier, M.C.A., Hernalsteens, S., Franco, T.T. (2014). Effect of feeding  strategies on lipid production by Lipomyces starkeyi. Bioresource Technology, 157, 214-222. Ayyasamy, P.M., Banuregha, R., Vivekanandhan, G., Rajakumar, S., Yasodha, R., Lee, S., Lakshmanaperumalsamy, P. (2008). Bioremediation of sago industry effluent and its impact on seed germination (green gram and maize). Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24(11). 2677-2684 Awang-Adeni, D.S., Abd-Aziz, S., Hassan, M.A. (2010). Bioconversion of sago residue into value added. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(14), 2016-2021. El-Fadalay, H.A., El-Naggar, N.E., Marwan, E.M. (2009). Single Cell Oil Production by an Oleginous Yeast Strain in a Low Cost Cultivation Medium. Research Journal of Microbiology, 4(8), 301-313. Kitcha, S., Cheirsilp, B. (2011). Screening of Oleaginous Yeasts and Optimization for Lipid. Energy Procedia, 9, 274-282. Li, Q., Du, W., Liu, D. (2008). Perspectives of microbial oils for biodiesel production. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 80(5), 749-756. Meng, X., Yang, J., Xu, X., Zhang, L., Nie, Q., Xian, Mo. (2008). Biodiesel production from oleaginous microorganisms. Renewable Energy, 34(2009), 1-5. Perritano, J. (13, December 2010). 10 top biofuel crops. Retrieved from HowStuffWorks:http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/biofuels/10biofuelcrops. htm#page=2 Tapia, E. V., Anschou, A., Coradini, A. L., Franco, T. T., Deckmann, C. (2012). Optimization of lipid production by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi by random mutagenesis coupled to cerulenin screening. AMB express, 2(64), 1-8.